NDT (Non Destructive Testing)

Visual Inspection (VI):

1. Direct visual examination of a component or structure.
2. Involves the use of tools such as magnifying glasses, boroscopes, or videoscopes.

Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT or LPI):

1. Detection of surface-breaking defects.
2. Involves applying a liquid penetrant to the surface, followed by the application of a developer to make the defects visible.

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT or MPI):

1. Detection of surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic materials.
2. Involves creating a magnetic field and applying magnetic particles to the surface; defects disrupt the magnetic field, making them visible.

Ultrasonic Testing (UT):

1. Detection of internal and surface defects using high-frequency sound waves.
2. Involves sending ultrasonic waves into a material and analyzing the reflected waves to identify defects.

Radiographic Testing (RT):

1. Detection of internal defects using X-rays or gamma rays.
2. Involves exposing a material to ionizing radiation and capturing the transmitted radiation on a film or digital detector.

Eddy Current Testing (ET):

1. Detection of surface and subsurface defects by inducing electrical currents in a conductive material.
2. Involves measuring changes in the induced currents caused by defects.

Acoustic Emission Testing (AE):

1. Monitoring and analyzing the acoustic signals emitted by a material when subjected to stress.
2. Useful for detecting the growth of defects during service.

Thermographic Testing (TT):

1. Detection of defects by measuring the heat patterns emitted by a material.
2. Involves using infrared cameras to capture and analyze temperature variations.

Leak Testing (LT):

1. Detection of leaks or pressure variations in a sealed component.
2. Involves pressurizing a component and monitoring for pressure changes or using tracer gases to detect leaks.

Infrared Testing (IRT):

1. Detection of defects or anomalies based on thermal patterns.
2. Involves using infrared cameras to capture and analyze temperature differences on a surface.

The choice of the NDT method depends on factors such as the type of material, the nature of the defects being sought, and the specific requirements of the inspection. Often, a combination of NDT methods is used to provide a comprehensive assessment of a material or structure.